1.
DESCRIPTIVE
TEXT
Descriptive
text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to
describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.
Descriptive text has structure as
below:
1. Identification; identifying the
phenomenon to be described.
2. Description; describing the
phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.
The Language Feature of Descriptive
Text
·
Using
attributive and identifying process.
·
Using
adjective and classifiers in nominal group.
·
Using
simple present tense
Example 1:
|
MacQuarie
University
|
|
Identification
|
Macquarie University is one of the
largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40th
anniversary.
|
|
Description
|
The university is located at the
North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales government sets aside
135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural retreat
on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved
beyond recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district of
intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and growing university.Blessed
with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that
careful planning that retains and enrich the university’s most attractive
natural features. A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident
across the campus. This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created
images of Macquarie as a place that members of the university are most likely
to pleasurably recollect.
One
of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It comprises
landscaped creek sides and valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial
lake… surrounded by rocks and pebbles, native plants and eucalypts.
Today,
a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will
be the only university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie
is poised to be the most readily accessible in Sydney region by rail and
motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.
|
Contoh
2 :
Ketika
berada di pantai, tentu ada keinginan untuk menyaksikan matahari terbit dan
matahari terbenam. Begitu pula, ketika berada di Pantai Pangandaran, Jawa
Barat, matahari terbit dan terbenam dapat disaksikan dengan Indah. Bentuk
semenanjung dari Pantai Pangandaran membuat kita bisa menikmati matahari terbit
di sisi pantai timur dan tenggelam di sisi pantai barat.
Pemandangan
Pantai Pangandaran sangat memesona. Di sebelah kanan terlihat perbukitan yang
memanjang. Sementara itu, di sisi kiri terdapat perkampungan nelayan dengan
beraneka perahu tradisional. Selain itu, di sisi kanan pun terdapat hutan cagar
alam Pananjung yang dipakai sebagai penyangga ekosistem sekaligus tujuan
wisata. Di pantai ini pun banyak dipenuhi kios cinderamata, penginapan, dan
took kelontong. Hal ini sangat menarik jika mengabdikan pantai dengan teman
atau keluarga dalam media foto atau video. Selain itu, hal ini pun dapat
dijadikan pengalaman yang tidak akan terlupakan.
2.
PROCEDURE
TEXT
The
Definition Of Procedure Text Procedure text
is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through
a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different
processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often
imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such as first,
second, then, next, finally, etc.
The generic structures
of procedure text are :
1. Goal/aim
( or title)
2. Materials
(not required for all procedural texts)
3. Steps
(the actions that must be taken)
Language Features of
Procedure Text
In
the Procedure Text, we use
·
Simple Present Tense. And:
·
Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, don’t
mix)
·
Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put,
mix)
·
Use of connectives (e.g. : first, then,
finally, …)
·
Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for
five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)
Example
1 :
Goal : Procedure to Charge hand phone
battery
Material:
·
Handphone
·
Battery
Charger
Steps:
1.
First,
Connect the charger to your hand phone, the flash symbol on the charger plug must
face upward.
2.
Second,
Wait until the battery icon appears on the screen
3.
After
that, Charge battery approximately 3 hours until the battery icon indicates
that the battery is fully charged
4.
And
Then Removed the charger by pulling out from your hand phone.
Contoh
2:
Cara
Membuat Ikat Rambut
Alat dan Bahan
- Gunting
dan pensil
- Tali
kur sesuai dengan kebutuhan
Langkah membuat:
- Tali kur dipotong menjadi dua bagian. Tiap bagian
dilipat dua sehingga semuanya ada empat utas tali.
- Siapkan pensil yang cukup panjang. Buatlah simpul
kepala dengan bantuan pensil tersebut.
- Buatlah simpul datar
- Lakukan sampai seluruh tali menjadi jalinan simpul.
Buatlah variasi agar simpu tidak monoton. Jika perlu, gunakan tambahan
aksesoris lain.
- Ikat rambut siap digunakan.
3.
NARRATIVE
TEXT
Narrative
is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell
stories or past events and entertain the readers.
A narrative text consists of the
following structure:
1.
Orientation:
Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place
2.
Complication:
Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with
3.
Resolution:
Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse
Language Features of Narrative
·
Using
processes verbs
·
Using
temporal conjunction
·
Using
Simple Past Tense
Example 1:
|
Snow
White
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|
Orientation
|
Once upon a time there lived a little
girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle
because her parents were dead.
|
|
Complication 1
|
One day she heard her
Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the
castle because they both wanted to go to America
and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
|
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Resolution 1
|
Snow White did not want her
Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would
be best if she ran away. The next morning she
ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having
breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
|
|
Complication 2
|
Then she saw
this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so
she went inside and fell asleep.
|
|
Resolution 2
|
Meanwhile, the
seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went
inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then
Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs.
The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said,
“My name is Snow White.”
Doc, one of the dwarfs, said, “If you wish,
you may live here with us.” Snow White said, “Oh
could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs
the whole story and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily
ever after.
|
Contoh 2 :
Cerita
Semut dan Belalang
Di
suatu lapangan, saat musim panas, seekor belalang melompat girang,
berkicau dan bernyanyi sesuka hatinya. Sementara seekeor semut sedang lewat,
sambil mambawa bongkahan biji jagung dibawahnya dengan susah payah menuju
sarangnya.
“Mengapa
kamu tidak disini saja sambil ngobrol denganku,” kata Belalang, “dari pada
lalulalang kerja keras seperti itu??”
“Aku
bekerja untuk mengumpulkan makanan sebegai persediaan musim dingin
nanti,” kata semut itu, “dan memeberikan contoh padamu supaya kamu juga
mengumpulkan makanan seperti aku.”
“Kenapa
aku harus repot-repot mengkhawatirkan musim dingin” kata Belalang; “Kami sudah
punya banyak makanan saat ini.” Meskipun begitu semut itu tetap melanjutkan dan
terus kerja keras.
Ketika
musim dingin datang, belalang itu pun mati kelaparan, sementara si semut
mendistribusikan jagung dan gandum setiap hari dari toko mereka yang sudah
dikumpulkan saat musim panas yang lalu.
4.
RECOUNT
TEXT
Recount
is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is
either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among
the participants and that differentiates from narrative
Generic Structure of
Recount
1. Orientation:
Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events:
Describing series of event that happened in the past
3. Reorientation:
It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story
Language Feature of
Recount
·
Introducing personal participant; I, my
group, etc
·
Using chronological connection; then,
first, etc
·
Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard,
etc
·
Using action verb; look, go, change, etc
·
Using simple past tense
Example
1 :
|
Our
trip to the Blue Mountain
|
|
Orientation
|
On Friday we went to the Blue
Mountains. We stayed at David and Della’s house. It has a big garden with
lots of colourful flowers and a tennis court.
|
|
Events
|
On Saturday we saw the Three
Sisters and went on the scenic railway. It was scary. Then, Mummy and I went
shopping with Della. We went to some antique shops and I tried on some old
hats.
On
Sunday we went on the Scenic Skyway and it rocked. We saw cockatoos having a
shower.
|
|
Reorientation
|
In the afternoon we went home.
|
Contoh
2 :
Liburan sekolah yang fantastik
Saat liburan sekolah yang lalu, ada banyak hal
luar biasa aku lakukan.
Pertama
aku pergi ke rumah teman saya untuk tidur karena ibu dan ayah pergi. Aku juga
pergi kebioskop dengan kakakku untuk
melihat film “despicable me 2”. Itu
adalah film yang sangat lucu.
Keesokan
paginya aku pergi ke rumah kakek-nenek saya bersama ayah dan kakak. Ibu tidak ikut karena ibu harus kerjakan
bebrapa hal berkaitan pekerjaannya.
Pada
hari Senin berikutnya, aku pergi ke bioskop untuk melihat film “Monster
University”. Itu benar-benar film yang lucu. Pemeran favoritku adalah Mike
Wazelski. Aku pergi kesana dengan ibu dan adikku.
Ketika
tiba hari Rabu, Angelina datang untuk bermain dan kami pun pergi piknik Taman tapi setelah beberapa saat Angie harus
pulang lebih awal.
5.
REPORT
TEXT
Report
is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a
result of systematic observation and analysis
Generic Structure of
Report
1. General
classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal,
public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general
2. Description:
Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs
or deed for living creature and usage for materials
Language Feature of
Report
·
Introducing group or general aspect
·
Using conditional logical connection;
when, so, etc
·
Using simple present tense
Example 1 :
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THE
PELICAN REPORT
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General Clasification
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The white pelican is one of the
most successful fish-eating birds.
|
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Description
|
The success is largely due to its
command hunting behaviour. A group, perhaps two dozen birds, will gather in a
curved arc some distance offshore. The birds then begin to move forward
towards the shore, beating the water furiously with their wings, driving the
fish before them.
When
the water is shallow enough for the birds to reach the fish, the formation
breaks up as each bird dips its bill into the water to scoop up its meal. As
the bird lifts its head, the water drains from its bill leaving the fish
which are then swallowed.
Pelicans
are among the oldest group of birds, Fossils of this genus have been found
dating back 40 million years.
|
Contoh 2:
Sepakbola
Sepak
bola atau soccer, yang dianggap sebagai olahraga paling populer di dunia,
adalah olahraga tim yang dimainkan antara dua tim dari sebelas pemain
menggunakan sebuah bola bundar.
Tujuan
dari permainan, yang dimainkan di lapangan persegi panjang yang lebar dengan
tujuan pada setiap ujung lapangan, adalah untuk mencetak dengan menempatkan
bola ke gawang lawan. Gawang dijaga oleh kiper yang diperbolehkan, kecuali
pemain lainnya, untuk menggunakan tangannya dalam permainan. Pemenangnya adalah
mereka yang mencetak gol terbanyak. Jika pertandingan sepak bola berakhir
imbang dua tim dapat diarahkan untuk bermain di waktu tambahan dan/atau adu
penalti.
Cara
sepakbola dimainkan sekarang pertama kali disusun di Inggris. Saat ini, diatur
oleh FIFA, “FIFA” (Federasi Internasional Asosiasi Sepakbola.) Permainan ini
sekarang dimainkan di seluruh dunia dan kompetisi diselenggarakan secara
nasional, kontinental dan internasional. Yang paling bergengsi kompetisi
sepakbola Piala Dunia, yang diadakan setiap empat tahun.
