Jenis-Jenis Teks Bahasa Inggris- Descriptive Text, Procedure Text, Narrative Text, Recount Text, Report Text

1.      DESCRIPTIVE TEXT

Descriptive text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.

Descriptive text has structure as below:

1.      Identification; identifying the phenomenon to be described.

2.      Description; describing the phenomenon in parts, qualities, or/and characteristics.

The Language Feature of Descriptive Text

·         Using attributive and identifying process.

·         Using adjective and classifiers in nominal group.

·         Using simple present tense

Example 1:

MacQuarie University
Identification	Macquarie University is one of the largest universities in Australia. This year, in 2004, it celebrates its 40th anniversary.
Description	The university is located at the North Ryde Greenbelt, Sydney, where the New South Wales government sets aside 135 hectares for the institution. In 1964, Macquarie area was a rural retreat on the city fringe, but today the campus and its surroundings have evolved beyond recognition. The North Ryde District has grown into a district of intensive occupation anchored by a vibrant and growing university.Blessed with a fortunate location and room to breathe, Macquarie can be proud of that careful planning that retains and enrich the university’s most attractive natural features. A pleasing balance between buildings and plating is evident across the campus. This emphasis on the importance of landscape has created images of Macquarie as a place that members of the university are most likely to pleasurably recollect. One of the highlights of the landscape is the Mars Creek zone. It comprises landscaped creek sides and valley floor, a grass amphitheatre, and artificial lake… surrounded by rocks and pebbles, native plants and eucalypts. Today, a railway station is under construction. In three years1 time, Macquarie will be the only university in Australia with a railway station on site. Macquarie is poised to be the most readily accessible in Sydney region by rail and motorway, yet retaining its beautiful site.

Contoh 2 :

Ketika berada di pantai, tentu ada keinginan untuk menyaksikan matahari terbit dan matahari terbenam. Begitu pula, ketika berada di Pantai Pangandaran, Jawa Barat, matahari terbit dan terbenam dapat disaksikan dengan Indah. Bentuk semenanjung dari Pantai Pangandaran membuat kita bisa menikmati matahari terbit di sisi pantai timur dan tenggelam di sisi pantai barat.

Pemandangan Pantai Pangandaran sangat memesona. Di sebelah kanan terlihat perbukitan yang memanjang. Sementara itu, di sisi kiri terdapat perkampungan nelayan dengan beraneka perahu tradisional. Selain itu, di sisi kanan pun terdapat hutan cagar alam Pananjung yang dipakai sebagai penyangga ekosistem sekaligus tujuan wisata. Di pantai ini pun banyak dipenuhi kios cinderamata, penginapan, dan took kelontong. Hal ini sangat menarik jika mengabdikan pantai dengan teman atau keluarga dalam media foto atau video. Selain itu, hal ini pun dapat dijadikan pengalaman yang tidak akan terlupakan.

2.      PROCEDURE TEXT

The Definition Of Procedure Text Procedure text  is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

The generic structures of procedure text are  :

1.      Goal/aim ( or title)

2.      Materials (not required for all procedural texts)

3.      Steps (the actions that must be taken)

Language Features of Procedure Text

In the Procedure Text, we use

·         Simple Present Tense. And:

·         Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, don’t mix)

·         Use of action verbs (e.g.: turn, put, mix)

·         Use of connectives (e.g. : first, then, finally, …)

·         Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)

Example 1 :

Goal              : Procedure to Charge hand phone battery

Material:

·         Handphone

·         Battery Charger

Steps:

1.      First, Connect the charger to your hand phone, the flash symbol on the charger plug must face upward.

2.      Second, Wait until the battery icon appears on the screen

3.      After that, Charge battery approximately 3 hours until the battery icon indicates that the battery is fully charged

4.      And Then Removed the charger by pulling out from your hand phone.

Contoh 2:

Cara Membuat Ikat Rambut

Alat dan Bahan

• Gunting dan pensil
• Tali kur sesuai dengan kebutuhan

Langkah membuat:

1. Tali kur dipotong menjadi dua bagian. Tiap bagian dilipat dua sehingga semuanya ada empat utas tali.
2. Siapkan pensil yang cukup panjang. Buatlah simpul kepala dengan bantuan pensil tersebut.
3. Buatlah simpul datar
4. Lakukan sampai seluruh tali menjadi jalinan simpul. Buatlah variasi agar simpu tidak monoton. Jika perlu, gunakan tambahan aksesoris lain.
5. Ikat rambut siap digunakan.

3.      NARRATIVE TEXT

Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers.

A narrative text consists of the following structure:

1.      Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place

2.      Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with

3.      Resolution: Showing the way of participant to solve the crises, better or worse

Language Features of Narrative

·                      Using processes verbs

·                      Using temporal conjunction

·                      Using Simple Past Tense

Example 1:

Snow White
Orientation	Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.
Complication 1	One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.
Resolution 1	Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.
Complication 2	Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.
Resolution 2	Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, “what is your name?” Snow White said, “My name is Snow White.” Doc, one of the dwarfs,  said, “If you wish, you may live here with us.”  Snow White said, “Oh could I? Thank you.” Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.

Contoh 2 :

Cerita Semut dan Belalang

Di suatu lapangan, saat musim panas, seekor  belalang melompat girang, berkicau dan bernyanyi sesuka hatinya. Sementara seekeor semut sedang lewat, sambil mambawa bongkahan biji jagung dibawahnya dengan susah payah menuju sarangnya.

“Mengapa kamu tidak disini saja sambil ngobrol denganku,” kata Belalang, “dari pada lalulalang kerja keras seperti itu??”

“Aku bekerja  untuk mengumpulkan makanan sebegai persediaan musim dingin nanti,” kata semut itu, “dan memeberikan contoh padamu supaya kamu juga mengumpulkan makanan seperti aku.”

“Kenapa aku harus repot-repot mengkhawatirkan musim dingin” kata Belalang; “Kami sudah punya banyak makanan saat ini.” Meskipun begitu semut itu tetap melanjutkan dan terus kerja keras.

Ketika musim dingin datang, belalang itu pun mati kelaparan, sementara si semut mendistribusikan jagung dan gandum setiap hari dari toko mereka yang sudah dikumpulkan saat musim panas yang lalu.

4.      RECOUNT TEXT

Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative

Generic Structure of Recount

1.      Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time

2.      Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past

3.      Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

Language Feature of Recount

·         Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc

·         Using chronological connection; then, first, etc

·         Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc

·         Using action verb; look, go, change, etc

·         Using simple past tense

Example 1 :

Our trip to the Blue Mountain
Orientation	On Friday we went to the Blue Mountains. We stayed at David and Della’s house. It has a big garden with lots of colourful flowers and a tennis court.
Events	On Saturday we saw the Three Sisters and went on the scenic railway. It was scary. Then, Mummy and I went shopping with Della. We went to some antique shops and I tried on some old hats. On Sunday we went on the Scenic Skyway and it rocked. We saw cockatoos having a shower.
Reorientation	In the afternoon we went home.

Contoh 2 :

Liburan sekolah yang fantastik

Saat  liburan sekolah yang lalu, ada banyak hal luar biasa aku lakukan.

Pertama aku pergi ke rumah teman saya untuk tidur karena ibu dan ayah pergi. Aku juga pergi kebioskop dengan kakakku  untuk melihat film “despicable me 2”.  Itu adalah film yang sangat lucu.

Keesokan paginya aku pergi ke rumah kakek-nenek saya bersama ayah dan kakak.  Ibu tidak ikut karena ibu harus kerjakan bebrapa hal berkaitan pekerjaannya.

Pada hari Senin berikutnya, aku pergi ke bioskop untuk melihat film “Monster University”. Itu benar-benar film yang lucu. Pemeran favoritku adalah Mike Wazelski. Aku pergi kesana dengan ibu dan adikku.

Ketika tiba hari Rabu, Angelina datang untuk bermain dan kami pun pergi piknik  Taman tapi setelah beberapa saat Angie harus pulang lebih awal.

5.      REPORT TEXT

Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis

Generic Structure of Report

1.      General classification: Stating classification of general aspect of thing; animal, public place, plant, etc which will be discussed in general

2.      Description: Describing the thing which will be discussed in detail; part per part , customs or deed for living creature and usage for materials

Language Feature of Report

·         Introducing group or general aspect

·         Using conditional logical connection; when, so, etc

·         Using simple present tense

Example 1 :

THE PELICAN REPORT
General Clasification	The white pelican is one of the most successful fish-eating birds.
Description	The success is largely due to its command hunting behaviour. A group, perhaps two dozen birds, will gather in a curved arc some distance offshore. The birds then begin to move forward towards the shore, beating the water furiously with their wings, driving the fish before them. When the water is shallow enough for the birds to reach the fish, the formation breaks up as each bird dips its bill into the water to scoop up its meal. As the bird lifts its head, the water drains from its bill leaving the fish which are then swallowed. Pelicans are among the oldest group of birds, Fossils of this genus have been found dating back 40 million years.

Contoh 2:

Sepakbola

Sepak bola atau soccer, yang dianggap sebagai olahraga paling populer di dunia, adalah olahraga tim yang dimainkan antara dua tim dari sebelas pemain menggunakan sebuah bola bundar.

Tujuan dari permainan, yang dimainkan di lapangan persegi panjang yang lebar dengan tujuan pada setiap ujung lapangan, adalah untuk mencetak dengan menempatkan bola ke gawang lawan. Gawang dijaga oleh kiper yang diperbolehkan, kecuali pemain lainnya, untuk menggunakan tangannya dalam permainan. Pemenangnya adalah mereka yang mencetak gol terbanyak. Jika pertandingan sepak bola berakhir imbang dua tim dapat diarahkan untuk bermain di waktu tambahan dan/atau adu penalti.

Cara sepakbola dimainkan sekarang pertama kali disusun di Inggris. Saat ini, diatur oleh FIFA, “FIFA” (Federasi Internasional Asosiasi Sepakbola.) Permainan ini sekarang dimainkan di seluruh dunia dan kompetisi diselenggarakan secara nasional, kontinental dan internasional. Yang paling bergengsi kompetisi sepakbola Piala Dunia, yang diadakan setiap empat tahun.